01 mysql 手动搭建

mysql 5.7 手动搭建¶

1、解决环境依赖，确保当前服务器上只存在一个mysql,多余的服务卸载

$ apt update 
$ apt upgrade 
$ apt autoremove --purge mysql-server-* mysql-common
$ rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /etc/mysql

2、安装mysql 运行时所需要的依赖环境

$ apt update 
$ apt install libncurses5 libaio1 libtinfo5 -y

Rocky Linux 9 ,如果遇见如下报错，可以软链新版本的包，解决执行mysql 时报错

### 报错内容
$ ./mysql
./mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

可手动处理，

$ ln -s /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5
$ ln -s /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5

3、开始安装mysql,手动下载安装包，并解压mysql

$ cd /usr/local 
$ wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz && mv mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

4、创建mysql 用户，用于运行mysql

$ groupadd mysql
## 不允许mysql 用户进入shell
$ useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
$ chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
$ chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql

5、启动 mysql 服务初始化,会自动创建默认初始化密码，记录下密码留给下一步使用

$ cd /usr/local/mysql/bin && ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2025-07-07T06:09:27.839736Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2025-07-07T06:09:28.276232Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2025-07-07T06:09:28.347509Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2025-07-07T06:09:28.403225Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: f0a222b4-5af8-11f0-b298-fa163e416f61.
2025-07-07T06:09:28.405085Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2025-07-07T06:09:29.111963Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2025-07-07T06:09:29.111985Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2025-07-07T06:09:29.112422Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2025-07-07T06:09:29.252353Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: N1lIEqajh)zG

6、创建mysql 启动参数文件 my.cnf

## /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log_bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
sync_binlog = 1
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid

$ chown mysql.mysql /etc/my.cnf

7、创建日志目录

$ mkdir /var/log/mysql && chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql

8 、启动mysql 并手动执行初始化,记录并使用初始化密码

$ /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

## 初始化化密码
$ mysql -uroot -p
 > ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
 > GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;

9、使用 systemd 进行管理mysql 进程

### vim /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ reboot